Linux系统中安装Cloud-Init--边缘计算节点-火山引擎

文档中心

立即注册

导航

Linux系统中安装Cloud-Init

最近更新时间：2023.07.07 20:05:36首次发布时间：2021.10.29 18:50:38

Cloud-Init工具主要提供边缘实例首次初始化时自定义配置的能力。如果导入的镜像没有安装Cloud-Init，基于该镜像创建的边缘实例将无法被正常初始化。本文指导您在Linux系统中安装Cloud-Init。

前提条件

需要安装Cloud-Init的服务器可正常访问外网。

操作步骤

安装软件包

Centos 7/8系列：

（可选）配置软件源
CentOS的软件源配置文件是 /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo，请先备份软件源配置文件后再修改成以下内容：

CentOS 7

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.volces.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

或者，

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.volces.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

CentOS 8

[base]
name=CentOS-8.5.2111 - Base
baseurl=http://mirrors.volces.com/centos/8.5.2111/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-8.5.2111 - Extras
baseurl=http://mirrors.volces.com/centos/8.5.2111/extras/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-8.5.2111 - Plus
baseurl=http://mirrors.volces.com/centos/8.5.2111/centosplus/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial

[AppStream]
name=CentOS-8.5.2111 - AppStream
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.volces.com/centos/8.5.2111/AppStream/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial

安装软件包
```
yum install cloud-utils-growpart
```

Ubuntu系列：

（可选）配置软件源

Ubuntu的软件源配置文件是 /etc/apt/sources.list，请先备份软件源配置文件后再修改成以下内容：

Ubuntu 16.04 （Xenial）

deb http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
deb-src http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ xenial main

deb http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main

deb http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb-src http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe

deb http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb-src http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe

Ubuntu 18.04 （Bionic）

deb http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

Ubuntu 20.04 （Focal）

deb http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.volces.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

安装软件包

apt update
apt-get install net-tools ethtool
apt-get install ifupdown resolvconf

Debian系列

（可选）配置软件源

Debian 的软件源配置文件是 /etc/apt/sources.list，请先备份软件源配置文件后再修改成以下内容：

Debian 9 Stretch

deb http://mirrors.volces.com/debian stretch main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.volces.com/debian stretch-backports main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.volces.com/debian-security stretch/updates main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.volces.com/debian stretch main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.volces.com/debian stretch-backports main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.volces.com/debian-security stretch/updates main contrib non-free

Debian 10 Buster

deb http://mirrors.volces.com/debian buster main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.volces.com/debian buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.volces.com/debian-security buster/updates main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.volces.com/debian buster main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.volces.com/debian buster-backports main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.volces.com/debian-security buster/updates main contrib non-free

安装软件包

apt-get update
apt-get install cloud-guest-utils cloud-utils cloud-initramfs-growroot parted dnsutils
apt-get install net-tools ethtool tcpdump ifupdown

安装/更新Python版本

说明

请确保Python版本为3.6.5及以上，版本太低可能导致cloud-init执行失败。

CentOS 7/8系列，执行以下命令：

#安装python
yum install python3-pip
pip3 install --upgrade pip

#查看python版本
python3 -V

Ubuntu系列，执行以下命令：

#安装python
apt-get install python3-pip
pip3 install --upgrade pip

#查看python版本
python3 -V

Debian系列，执行以下命令：

#安装python
apt-get install build-essential zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libgdbm-dev libnss3-dev libssl-dev libsqlite3-dev libreadline-dev libffi-dev curl libbz2-dev
cd /opt/
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.1/Python-3.9.1.tgz
tar zxvf Python-3.9.1.tgz
cd Python-3.9.1
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
make && make install
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.9 /usr/local/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.9 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
pip3 install --upgrade pip

#查看python版本
python3 -V

下载cloud-init源码包

说明

Ubuntu系列无需下载，请直接进入安装流程。

在正常安装的情况下，cloud-init-21.1版本与火山引擎的兼容性较佳，建议选择cloud-init-21.1.tar.gz安装版本。您也可以点此获取其他版本的cloud-init源码包，但不保证实例可以正常运行。本文以cloud-init-21.1版本为例。

执行以下命令，下载cloud-init源码包：

wget https://launchpad.net/cloud-init/trunk/21.1/+download/cloud-init-21.1.tar.gz

安装cloud-init

说明

Ubuntu系列直接通过以下命令完成cloud-init安装以及开机自启动配置：
apt-get install cloud-init -y

其他Linux系列安装过程，参见以下步骤。

执行以下命令，解压cloud-init安装包：

tar -zxvf cloud-init-21.1.tar.gz

执行以下命令，进入已解压的cloud-init安装包目录：

cd cloud-init-21.1

执行以下命令，安装cloud-init：

CentOS 7/8系列（除7.2、7.3外）

pip3 install -r requirements.txt -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
python3 setup.py build
python3 setup.py install --init-system systemd
cd ..
ln -s /usr/local/bin/cloud-init /usr/bin/cloud-init
ln -s /usr/local/bin/cloud-init-per /usr/bin/cloud-init-per
ln -s /usr/local/bin/cloud-id /usr/bin/cloud-id

CentOS 7.2/7.3

pip3 install MarkupSafe jinja2 oauthlib six configobj pyyaml urllib3 idna certifi charset-normalizer requests jsonpointer jsonpatch attrs pyrsistent zipp typing-extensions importlib-metadata jsonschema -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple --trusted-host pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

python3 setup.py build
python3 setup.py install --init-system systemd
cd ..
ln -s /usr/local/bin/cloud-init /usr/bin/cloud-init
ln -s /usr/local/bin/cloud-init-per /usr/bin/cloud-init-per
ln -s /usr/local/bin/cloud-id /usr/bin/cloud-id

Debian系列

pip3 install -r requirements.txt -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
pip3 install six==1.16.0 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
python3 setup.py build
python3 setup.py install --init-system systemd
cd ..
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/cloud-init /usr/local/bin/cloud-init
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/cloud-init /usr/bin/cloud-init
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/cloud-init-per /usr/local/bin/cloud-init-per
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/cloud-init-per /usr/bin/cloud-init-per
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/cloud-id /usr/local/bin/cloud-id
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/cloud-id /usr/bin/cloud-id

执行以下命令，使cloud-init开机自启动：

CentOS 7/8和Debian系列

systemctl enable cloud-init-local.service
systemctl enable cloud-init.service
systemctl enable cloud-config.service
systemctl enable cloud-final.service

执行以下命令，查看cloud-init版本，验证是否安装成功：

cloud-init --version

修改cloud-init配置

执行以下命令修改cloud-init配置，使其符合平台规范。

CentOS 7/8系列，执行以下命令：

cat > /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/90_dpkg.cfg << EOF
datasource_list: [ ConfigDrive, NoCloud, None ]
EOF

    cat > /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg << EOF
users:
 - default

disable_root: 0
ssh_pwauth:   1
growpart:
    mode: auto
    devices: ['/']
    ignore_growroot_disabled: false

mount_default_fields: [~, ~, 'auto', 'defaults,nofail,x-systemd.requires=cloud-init.service', '0', '2']
resize_rootfs_tmp: /dev
ssh_deletekeys:   1
syslog_fix_perms: ~
disable_vmware_customization: false

cloud_init_modules:
 - disk_setup
 - migrator
 - bootcmd
 - write-files
 - growpart
 - resizefs
 - set_hostname
 - update_hostname
 - update_etc_hosts
 - rsyslog
 - users-groups
 - ssh

cloud_config_modules:
 - mounts
 - locale
 - set-passwords
 - rh_subscription
 - yum-add-repo
 - package-update-upgrade-install
 - timezone
 - puppet
 - chef
 - salt-minion
 - mcollective
 - disable-ec2-metadata
 - runcmd

cloud_final_modules:
 - rightscale_userdata
 - scripts-per-once
 - scripts-per-boot
 - scripts-per-instance
 - scripts-user
 - ssh-authkey-fingerprints
 - keys-to-console
 - phone-home
 - final-message
 - power-state-change

system_info:
  distro: rhel
  paths:
    cloud_dir: /var/lib/cloud
    templates_dir: /etc/cloud/templates
  ssh_svcname: sshd

EOF

Ubuntu系列，执行以下命令：

cat > /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/90_dpkg.cfg << EOF
datasource_list: [ ConfigDrive, NoCloud, None ]
EOF

    cat > /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg << EOF
users:
 - default

disable_root: 0
ssh_pwauth:   1
growpart:
    mode: auto
    devices: ['/']
    ignore_growroot_disabled: false

mount_default_fields: [~, ~, 'auto', 'defaults,nofail,x-systemd.requires=cloud-init.service', '0', '2']
resize_rootfs_tmp: /dev
ssh_deletekeys:   1
syslog_fix_perms: ~
disable_vmware_customization: false

cloud_init_modules:
 - disk_setup
 - migrator
 - bootcmd
 - write-files
 - growpart
 - resizefs
 - set_hostname
 - update_hostname
 - update_etc_hosts
 - rsyslog
 - users-groups
 - ssh

cloud_config_modules:
 - mounts
 - locale
 - set-passwords
 - rh_subscription
 - yum-add-repo
 - package-update-upgrade-install
 - timezone
 - puppet
 - chef
 - salt-minion
 - mcollective
 - disable-ec2-metadata
 - runcmd

cloud_final_modules:
 - rightscale_userdata
 - scripts-per-once
 - scripts-per-boot
 - scripts-per-instance
 - scripts-user
 - ssh-authkey-fingerprints
 - keys-to-console
 - phone-home
 - final-message
 - power-state-change

system_info:
  paths:
    cloud_dir: /var/lib/cloud
    templates_dir: /etc/cloud/templates
  ssh_svcname: sshd

EOF

Debian系列，执行以下命令：

cat > /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/90_dpkg.cfg << EOF
datasource_list: [ ConfigDrive, NoCloud, None ]
EOF

    cat > /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg << EOF
users:
 - default

disable_root: true
ssh_pwauth:   1
growpart:
    mode: auto
    devices: ['/']
    ignore_growroot_disabled: false

mount_default_fields: [~, ~, 'auto', 'defaults,nofail,x-systemd.requires=cloud-init.service', '0', '2']
resize_rootfs_tmp: /dev
ssh_deletekeys:   1
syslog_fix_perms: ~
disable_vmware_customization: false

cloud_init_modules:
 - disk_setup
 - migrator
 - bootcmd
 - write-files
 - growpart
 - resizefs
 - set_hostname
 - update_hostname
 - update_etc_hosts
 - rsyslog
 - users-groups
 - ssh

cloud_config_modules:
 - mounts
 - locale
 - set-passwords
 - rh_subscription
 - yum-add-repo
 - package-update-upgrade-install
 - timezone
 - puppet
 - chef
 - salt-minion
 - mcollective
 - disable-ec2-metadata
 - runcmd

cloud_final_modules:
 - rightscale_userdata
 - scripts-per-once
 - scripts-per-boot
 - scripts-per-instance
 - scripts-user
 - ssh-authkey-fingerprints
 - keys-to-console
 - phone-home
 - final-message
 - power-state-change

system_info:
  distro: debian
  paths:
    cloud_dir: /var/lib/cloud
    templates_dir: /etc/cloud/templates
  ssh_svcname: sshd
EOF